diagram that represents an organization’s formal structure
- flat (horizontal) organizational charts
- few layers of management
 - large and wide span of control in flat organizations
 
 - Tall
- many layers
 - formal, inflexible, bureaucratic in structure
 - help senior managers to have better control and command over business
 
 - Organization by product
- organize workforce by good or service sold

 
 - organize workforce by good or service sold
 
organization by function
- structure business function by task organization of region
 - structure workforce according to geography