conciliation and arbitration
conciliation: use a mediator to facilitate negotiations during conflict resolution. helps encourage both parties to agree to a mutually beneficial agreement. not legal bound. arbitration: independent arbitrator who decides the best outcome after listening to both parties. legally bound. avoid high cost of battling it out in court
employee participation and industrial democracy
- employees involved in decision making process ⇐ industrial democracy
- employee participation: workers given responsibilities and autonomy over their job. it ENPOWERS the workers so they complete their job
no strike agreement
- employee promises not to strike and employer agrees to settle conflict
single union agreement
employer conducts negotiations with one trade union rather than multiple. one union represents all employees. decision making is more efficient